Chile implemented large pension withdrawals during the pandemic relative to other countries. Afterwards, Chile … increased non-contributory benefits in a quasi-universal scheme. Simulating the future pensions, I show that the average loss in …

average, LAC's pension systems are subsidized, as they provide pensions above what workers would have obtained by investing … replacement rates (pensions relative to earnings) for low-income workers. Despite this progressivity, in some countries, absolute … much more progressive, but still, because low-income workers do not qualify for minimum pensions, between 50-60% of …

The Chilean pension system was hit hard during 2020-2021 by the withdrawal of 25 per cent of the individual pensions … funds accumulated by 2019, an amount equivalent to 20 per cent of Chile's GDP. We estimate here the impact of those … pensions, including its heterogeneity matrix to simulate the distribution of pension impacts. The withdrawal impact decreases …

Public pay-as-you-go pensions still form the dominant pillar of old-age provision in Germany. This is in marked …