Recent pension reforms have shifted a larger responsibility towards savers. Individuals therefore need better knowledge … lack, such pension-specific knowledge. We also show that the most economically vulnerable groups know the least. Linking … pension knowledge to behavior, we find that knowing less is associated with lower preparedness for retirement, even after …

savings decisions. We also highlight that the lack of knowledge prevalently hits the most vulnerable individuals in the … different individuals' economic outcomes. While many studies show that information provision increases knowledge, the evidence …

How can retirement savings be increased? We explore a unique policy change in the context of the German pension system … these letters on the behavior of individuals. We find an increase in tax-deductible private retirement savings and provide … evidence that this is not due to a crowding-out of other forms of savings. We also show that labor earnings, i.e. the most …