Nudges toward voluntary defined-contribution retirement savings have moved many non-savers into savings but have left many behind. I argue that it is time to switch from libertarian-paternalistic nudges to fully paternalistic shoves. I draw on evidence from the United States and other countries...

This paper examines the characteristics of three funding strategies for pension plans and analyzes the investment strategies that complement these strategies. Although the primary focus is on defined benefit plans, which include Social Security, it also applies to employees’ defined...