This paper explores whether the benefits and costs of affiliation with a business group (BG) are influenced by firm and BG size. We explore empirically this issue using a unique data set on French small businesses ownership. Our results show that affiliation with a BG has a positive influence on...

Dans cet article nous analysons l’impact de l’appartenance à un groupe de PME sur la rentabilité et le risque individuel des entreprises. Nous observons que, contrairement aux grands groupes familiaux dans le monde, les groupes de PME à contrôle familial en France, ont majoritairement...

This paper investigates the influence of a firm’s distance from control on its performance, using a unique firm level data set on small business ownership, as well as balance sheet information. This study fills a gap in the empirical governance literature by investigating whether or not there...

This paper develops a theoretical model predicting the difference in investment policy between entrepreneurs and family founders based on the firm ownership flexibility. Moreover, this paper provides evidence on the fact that small business with less flexible ownership structure does not exploit...