Much of economics assumes that higher incentives increase participation in a transaction only because they exceed more … costly, higher incentives also change reservation prices to further increase participation. A higher incentive makes people …. Hence, incentives change not only what people choose, but also what they believe their choices entail. This result informs …

When the assignment of incentives is uncertain, we study how the regularity and frequency of rewards and risk attitudes … regime shift by withdrawing monetary rewards after the same unknown number of periods. In such an ambiguous environment, we … show that less able and more risk averse players are less persistent in effort. Intermittent incentives lead to a greater …

Early studies often found that offering economic incentives for undertaking prosocial and intrinsically motivated … related to whether crowding out (or substitution) is likely to occur. In many cases, incentives succeed in encouraging more … prosocial behavior and are also cost-effective. However, although the substitution of external incentives for intrinsic …

incentives and wage gifts on creativity. We find that tournaments substantially increase creative output, with no evidence for …