make a voluntary payment, a bonus, after observing advice quality. While the combination of competition and reputation …. Thus, our results suggest that a voluntary component can act as a substitute for either competition or reputation …

Does a worker who had a successful career have stronger or weaker incentives to manipulate his reputation than a worker … employment histories that lead to the same worker's reputation. (With reputation we refer to beliefs about the worker's future … productivity.) We show that, typically, workers with a better reputation have stronger incentives than workers with a worse …

Incentive contracts for gatekeepers who control patient access to specialist medical services provide too weak … incentives to investigate cost further when expected cost of treatment is greater than benefit. Making gatekeepers residual … claimants with a fixed fee from which treat-ment costs must be met (as with full insurers who are themselves gatekeepers …