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There is now an extensive literature on "gift exchange" showing that when principals and agents can trade "gifts" (rewards that should not emerge in a competitive equilibrium), exchange becomes more efficient. However, it is not obvious how gift exchange should be organized if the principal's...
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During the last two decades economists have made much progress in understanding incentives, contracts and organisations … effects of incentives. Economists may fail to understand the levels and the changes in behaviour if they neglect motives like … the desire to reciprocate or the desire to avoid social disapproval. We show that monetary incentives may backfire and …
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the interaction between norms and economic incentives. …
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This paper studies the interplay between economic incentives and social norms in firms. We introduce a general … also show how social norms can induce multiplicity of equilibria and how steeper economic incentives can reduce effort …. -- social norms ; incentives ; contracts …
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