The market of German property funds that revalue their real estate assets at least once a year can be subdivided by their legal structure into listed property companies, listed REITs, open-ended public funds and open-ended Spezialfonds. Unlike most other developed real estate markets, the German...

Recent corporate reporting history is well–known for its corporate failures andquestionable accountancy practices, many of which caused the profession to befrowned upon. However, the splodge on the accounting profession?s reputationgoes deeper than its corporate reporting failures. The...

Purpose: This paper aims to examine whether commercial banks manage earnings through their use of Level 3 valuation under The Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 157 (FAS 157), Fair Value Measurements. To achieve this goal, we investigate the association between banks' performance...