conjectures of prior research, our results show that the removal of favorable accounting treatment for stock options post SFAS 123 … financial reporting standards by providing evidence that the leveling of accounting treatment for different forms of equity … actual consequences of a heavily debated accounting standard change, this study also provides important policy implications …

We address two apparent paradoxes of risk management: (1) managers hedge in order to avoid negative earnings surprises …, yet they tend to hedge risks uninformative of the value of the company; and (2) the presence of options in managers … informational asymmetry between insiders (managers) and outsiders (investors). Investors derive information about company value from …

induce capital investment mix shifts and reducecapital investment efficiency. Specifically, we find that managers …

accounting performance and RPE awards of cash contingent on accounting performance convey the incentive to increase firm risk …