We investigate a sample of 180 technology licensing contracts closed by German chemical, pharmaceutical, and electrical engineering companies between 1880 and 1913. A regression analysis shows that licensing contracts closed before a patent was granted and contracts closed between firms and...

The dean of business historians continues his masterful chronicle of the transforming revolutions of the twentieth century. He argues that only with consistent attention to research and development and an emphasis on long-term corporate strategies could firms remain successful over time. He...