This paper investigates whether patient-level factors, in particular cost considerations, affect physicians’ prescribing decisions. In the context of a natural experiment, we examine the effect of the first U.S. commercial free-antibiotics program on retail antibiotic sales using the...

We use analytical and numerical models to explain and quantify the welfare effects of subsidies for artemisinin combination treatments (ACTs), a valuable new class of antimalarial drugs. There are two (second-best) efficiency rationales for such subsidies: by expanding drug use, they reduce...