Debates continue to rage about the propriety of pharmaceutical patents, especially as required by the TRIPS Agreement … whether TRIPS is indeed a just law. One can also realize the steps that the major players – both nations and pharmaceutical …

This WTO working paper studies availability and affordability of new and innovative pharmaceuticals in a post-TRIPS era …. The WTO's TRIPS Agreement (TRIPS) makes it obligatory for WTO members − except least-developed country members (LDCs) - to … to be compliant with this provision of TRIPS by 2005. This study investigates two questions in this context: (1) How does …

extreme urgency" within the meaning of Article 31(b) of the TRIPS Agreement. Some legislations, such as European competition …

evaluates the three primary barriers to employing compulsory licenses for pharmaceuticals underscored by members during TRIPS …Under Articles 31 and 31bis of the TRIPS Agreement, WTO members may validly sanction the use of a patented invention … without the patent owner's authorization by issuing a compulsory license (CL). In the pharmaceuticals space, governments have …