In the Polish educational system it is mainly institutions of higher education that conduct English for Specific Purpose (ESP) courses, partly because of the regulations of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, which stipulate that a B.A. graduate should know a foreign language at least...

The aim of the study is to assess the role of English-language capabilities in leveraging career of a scholar whose first language is other than English and who faces challenges connected with contemporary expectations towards European scholars concerning publishing in top-tier English-language...

Measuring economic uncertainty is challenging, but it is important for policymakers to address it, especially in countries for which there are virtually no uncertainty indices. This article proposes an index of economic uncertainty for Poland, EURQPL, based on Internet searches for specific...