More policing reduces crime but little is known about the mechanism. Does policing deter crime by reducing its …

environment. Using geocoded crime data and a novel source of within-city spatial and temporal variation in punishment severity, I … consistent with police treating enforcement effort and punishment severity as complementary. I also find that citywide crime and …

Do reductions in arrests increase crime? We study line-of-duty deaths of police officers, events that likely impact … contrast, we find no evidence of an increase in crime or a change in victim reporting through 911 calls. There is also no … apparent threshold of arrest decline beyond which crime increases. Our findings suggest that enforcement activity can be …

This paper evaluates the effect on crime of creating a fundamental modern-day institution: centralized professional … police forces tasked with preventing crime. We study the 1829 formation of the London Metropolitan Police - the first … professional force worldwide. Using newly digitized and geocoded crime and police data together with difference-indifferences and …

deployment on crime. However, the elasticities obtained in these settings may not easily extrapolate to more standard … these increases in patrolling were accompanied by corresponding decreases in crime. The standard errors are small enough to …