The purpose of this article is to discuss the different types of instruments of innovation policy, to examine how governments and public agencies in different countries and different times have used these instruments differently, to explore the political nature of instrument choice and design...

Innovation policy has become tremendously differentiated. This is to some extent a consequence of a more systematic understanding of the innovation process as described in innovation system approaches (see Chaminade/Edquist 2008), which has led to a broad understanding of functions of innovation...

The paper discusses demand and demand conditions for innovation as well as demand basedpolicies for innovation in the context of the EU CEE countries. Far from regarding demand policiesas a simplistic silver bullet, this paper argues that the EU CEEC catch up process could potentiallybe...