Under what conditions can legacies of past violence shape political behaviour? We propose a theory of how war victimization defines attitudes over the long run, and how these can be activated by changes in the political environment. We argue that exposure to violence by members of a different...

Military support to Ukraine has been accompanied by debates as to when Western states would find themselves ‘at war’ with Russia. This political and legal discourse reminds us that international law needs concepts to identify who is a party to an international armed conflict. Identifying...

Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- Introduction -- 1 "The Cares of Your Country Are a Paramount Duty": The Republicans in 1861 -- 2 "Now Is the Time for Making Money, by Honest Contracts, Out of the Government": War Bo n d s -- 3 "A Centralization of Power, Such as Hamilton Might Have Eulogised as...