conflict exposure (ACE) among Turkish conscripts. Our empirical framework identifies the causal impact and isolates the … evidence that ACE fosters parochialism, measured by increased opposition to peaceful means of conflict resolution, animosity …

Civilians who have fled violent conflict and settled in neighboring countries are integral to processes of civil war … violence. In a survey of 1,120 Syrian refugees in Turkey conducted in 2016, we use experiments to examine attitudes towards two … critical phases of conflict termination - a ceasefire and a peace agreement. We test the malleability of refugees' attitudes to …

report looks at illicit trade flows in four separate conflict-affected countries in the MENA region: Iraq, Libya, Syria and …

, Somalia, Syria, the Central African Republic or Iraq, taxing passage is a consistent feature of how conflict actors sustain …, checkpoints form a key source of revenue for parties to the conflict. Whether in Afghanistan, the Democratic Republic of Congo …

The Kurdistan region of Iraq is facing an economic and humanitarian crisis as a result of the influx of Syrian refugees …