An important challenge in the crime literature is to isolate significant causal effects of police on crime. Following a … hideous event induced a geographical allocation of police forces that can be presumed exogenous in a crime regression. Using … negative effect of observable police on crime. The effect is local, so that the costs of police presence are almost seven times …

At the heart of the terrorism policing powers in the Terrorism Act 2000 is arrest without warrant under section 41. Its …

Debate continues as to the transformations in terrorism evidenced by the September 11 attacks and since that time. Some …, including the former U.S. President, point to changes in the nature of terrorism and argue that September 11 constituted a … wholly new form of terrorism that demanded a novel response. Given the prior events of the World Trade Center bombing in 1993 …