In the late 1820s, when British Home Secretary Sir Robert Peel introduced legislation into the British parliament to create the very first police department, the phrase that the ‘police are the public, and the public are the police' was developed to allay public fears that the new institution...

The Gulf States are what many comparativists call traditional societies and as such have a number of unique features (Lerner, 1964). Yet these countries experience the forces of modernization, including economic growth, increases in population, a rise in crime and educational attainment,...

The process of community policing as public relations has a series of causes and effects that are detrimental both to the police, and constituencies they serve and protect. This process subsumes three interrelated interpretations: more energy is expended on public relations efforts promoting...

Research on the future of policing generally ignores the problem of police violence. The author articulates a series of important structural level factors predicted to influence situational variables connected to the type, amount, and severity of police violence in the future. Relationships...