We revisit the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) argument that an economy could pollute and develop at first and reduce pollution as income continues to grow. We propose a dynamic structural model to capture the interaction between economic growth, human capital accumulation, environmental...

In contrast to the Pollution Haven Hypothesis, the Trade-Up Hypothesis holds that international integration helps improve firms' environmental performance in developing countries. Using firm-level data from Shanghai, this paper examines how international linkages, in the form of foreign direct...

We revisit the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) argument that an economy could initially develop in a polluting way and then environmental quality would improve after income grows over a threshold. We propose a dynamic model to capture the interaction among economic growth, human capital...