The present work analyzes the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) and corruption on the quality of the … environment in the MENA region. Indeed, the magnitude of corruption and the quality of institutions are often cited as the main … recommend greater awareness of the harmful effects of corruption among political and economic actors. …

-shaped or downward-sloping pattern. Corruption may affect this relationship in two distinct ways: by raising pollution at given … corruption on pollution. The indirect effect via income is positive or negative depending on the income level. If negative, the … corruption. Because this relationship is particularly strong at low income levels, developing countries can considerably improve …