Bio-E10 is short for the biofuel made up of 90% gasoline in volume and 10% bio-ethanol, which is the ethanol made from commercially-grown crops such as corn and wheat by the sugar fermentation process. In China, bio-E10 will be supplied nationwide from 2020 as an alternative to conventional...

We study a two-period supply chain consisting of a manufacturer, who participates in a cap-and-trade scheme and faces an uncertain emission permit price, and a retailer, who sells the product from the manufacturer to consumer and faces a price-sensitive demand. In the face of uncertain future...