Security prices are informative about the probability of a subsequent downgrade, but this informativeness is affected by two frictions taking place between the issuer and the investor. I use a measure of documentation quality in private label mortgages to show that the predominant friction...

A venture capitalist faces a trade-off between the extent of managerial advice allocated to each start-up and the total number of firms advised. Diminishing returns to advice per firm call for a larger portfolio. As advice gets diluted, further expansion of the portfolio eventually becomes...