We analyse the impact of environmental policy in a vertical chain where an upstream monopolist uses a mixed portfolio, consisting of a polluting and a green technology. We examine and compare a no-intervention benchmark, a green subsidy, an abatement tax, a mandatory green standard, and a...

The green bond market has grown rapidly since its inception in 2007. Climate-aligned standards provide investors with the confidence that their investments deliver a measurable climate benefit. Serving as a benchmark, these standards demonstrate alignment with the Paris Agreement, against which...