Nothing worthwhile in life can be accomplished alone; it takes a group of individuals working effectively together – cooperating – in order to accomplish what none could accomplish alone. Unfortunately, cooperation is risky. The risk inherent in cooperation is captured by the idea of a social...

This paper challenges the idea that farmers revert to subsistence farming when confronted with violence from civil war. Macro-economic evidence on economic legacies of civil war suggests that civil wars, while obviously disastrous in the short run, do not need to have persistent effects on long...

This paper challenges the idea that farmers revert to subsistence farming when confronted with violence from civil war. While there is an emerging macroeconomic consensus that wars are detrimental to development, we find contrasting microeconomic evidence. Using several rounds of (panel) data at...