This paper investigates the effect of arbitral proceedings on bilateral portfolio equity investments in emerging markets. Investment disputes may deter foreign investors as they reveal a government’s poor behavior towards foreign investors. The analysis investigates the effects of the first...

The International Investment régime has been transformed to a vibrant and constantly evolving, yet incoherent system. A point of incoherence has been the notion of ‘investment' under the ICSID Convention for which the case-law and doctrine have remained unsettled for long. Some Respondent...

The constant evolution of the ways to invest foreign capitals in the marketplace has urged the need for defining the boundaries of the notion of investment, provided that Article 25 of the ICSID Convention is silent on this point. Against this background, the question of whether the intangible...