In both complete and incomplete markets we consider the problem of fulfilling a financial obligation xc as well as possible at time T if the initial capital is not sufficient to hedge xc. This introduces a new risk into the market and our main aim is to minimize this shortfall risk by making use...

In this paper, we review pricing of the variable annuity living and death guarantees offered to retail investors in many countries. Investors purchase these products to take advantage of market growth and protect savings. We present pricing of these products via an optimal stochastic control...