This article reviews two leading measures of financial risk and an emerging alternative. Embraced by the Basel accords …, value-at-risk and expected shortfall are the leading measures of financial risk. Expectiles offset the weaknesses of value-at-risk … (VaR) and expected shortfall. Indeed, expectiles are the only elicitable law-invariant coherent risk measures. After …

Under the Basel II regulatory framework non-negligible statistical problems arise when backtesting risk measures. In …. According to Escanciano and Olmo (2010, 2011) these problems persist when incorporating estimation and model risk by adjusting … adequacy of Value at Risk measures. One main finding indicates that backtests of all classes show heavy size distortions. These …