Recently, the concept of "blue finance" was introduced to the world. Blue finance envisages that ocean firms issue financial instruments to obtain funds and take necessary measures to make the ocean environment blue. To measure the blueness of a firm, we estimate the blueness index using GHG...

We study how the introduction of carbon taxes in a closed economy propagate in a credit portfolio and precisely describe how carbon taxes dynamics affect the firm value and credit risk measures such as probability of default, expected and unexpected losses.We adapt a stochastic multisectoral...

It is difficult to assess the effectiveness of investment strategies that screen companies based on environmental criteria to hedge climate change risk because physical risks have not yet fully materialized and policies to combat climate change are usually widely anticipated. This paper...