The concept of a market portfolio plays an important role in many financial theories and models. Knowledge of each asset's share of the invested capital markets is both useful information and a good starting point for investors considering the appropriate allocation to the asset. In our latest...

Historical VaR, CVaR and ES (Expected Shortfall) to LIQUIDATION Software is a model characterized by its straightforwardness, allowing regulators measure risk using a standard database of primitive factors and portfolio positions only, leaving little error margin in comparing market risk for...

Risk parity is an asset allocation strategy designed so each asset class contributes equally to overall portfolio risk (as measured by volatility). While risk parity offers potential advantages, its success hinges on key assumptions and a favorable environment for bonds. Like the traditional...

InvestorLit is a subscription service providing reviews of institutional investment literature. The reviews cover a wide range of investment topics and are published online. Bruce Grantier, founder of InvestorLit, is a member of the Brandes Institute Advisory Board. Members of the InvestorLit...

Passive investing, particularly in emerging markets, has become an increasingly popular means of quick, “diversified” exposure to a particular segment of the markets. Flows into passive emerging market products have been so strong that assets in exchange-traded funds (ETFs) designed to...

This paper derives Asset and Liability Management ('ALM') interest rate risk measures (i.e. duration and convexity gaps) applicable to Life insurance companies that are adequate such as asset and liability-driven strategies can be used within a mix of tactics and instruments to achieve financial...

In this study, I use detailed data on bond and derivative positions of pension funds and insurance companies (P&Is) in the Netherlands to study demand shifts and their direct effect on yields. In particular, I exploit a change in the regulatory discount curve that made the liabilities more...

A white-box deterministic system simulates long-term LDI cashflows using as input J.P.Morgan Long Term Capital Market Assumptions adapted to make them interest rate dependent. Trading, coupons and dividends provide cashflows to pay liabilities and extract excess cash to stakeholders while...

The article presents an overview of the assumptions and unintended consequences of the widespread adoption of modern portfolio theory (MPT) in the context of the growth of large institutional investors. We examine the many so-called risk management practices and financial products that have been...

Berkshire Hathaway has realized a Sharpe ratio of 0.79 with significant alpha to traditional risk factors. However, the alpha becomes insignificant when controlling for exposures to Betting-Against-Beta and Quality-Minus-Junk factors. Further, we estimate that Buffett's leverage is about...