Classical residential location choice models were constructed as uncertainty-free. Using the expected utility theorem, urban researchers have dealt with different types of uncertainties, such as uncertain income, uncertain housing price, uncertain transportation cost, etc. This paper, however,...

Return-based style analysis is applied to identify the style benchmarks of 12 property companies in Hong Kong from 1984 through 2001, and their performance is then assessed. Unlike style analysis of mutual funds, the cash component is not constrained to be non-negative so as to reflect their...