One of the main principles to build portfolios of financial assets is to achieve stable long-term performance and avoid large drawdowns. This article describes how a method of Machine Learning, Kohonen's Self-Organising Maps (SOM), can be applied to visualise risk and to build robust portfolios...

This paper proposes a set of models which can be used to estimate the market risk for a portfolio of crypto-currencies, and simultaneously to estimate also their credit risk using the Zero Price Probability (ZPP) model by Fantazzini et al (2008), which is a methodology to compute the...

One of the most important factors to control for the achievements of investment portfolio returns is risk. If we only think that a 100% positive return is needed to recover a portfolio loss of 50%, we can understand why. With the advent of the exponential growth of technology usage in markets,...

We examine machine learning and factor-based portfolio optimization. We find that factors based on autoencoder neural networks exhibit a weaker relationship with commonly used characteristic-sorted portfolios than popular dimensionality reduction techniques. Machine learning methods also lead to...

Portfolio managers and individual investors alike are in quest of efficient asset allocation models that simultaneously express environmental, social, and governance (ESG) considerations along with investor behavioral biases. The current study presents a novel approach to optimize the behavioral...

We directly optimize portfolio weights as a function of firm characteristics via deep neural networks by generalizing the parametric portfolio policy framework. Our results show that network-based portfolio policies result in an increase of investor utility of between 30 and 100 percent over a...

We generalize the parametric portfolio policy framework to learning portfolio weights via deep neural networks. We find that network-based portfolio policies result in an increase of investor utility of between 30 and 100 percent over a comparable linear portfolio policy, depending on whether...

We survey the nascent literature on machine learning in the study of financial markets. We highlight the best examples of what this line of research has to offer and recommend promising directions for future research. This survey is designed for both financial economists interested in grasping...

We propose a statistical model of differences in beliefs in which heterogeneous investors are represented as different machine learning model specifications. Each investor forms return forecasts from their own specific model using data inputs that are available to all investors. We measure...

Tail risk protection is a mantra in portfolio allocation. A common method in this context is the NMFRB allocation. Here, we extend it to drawdown risk measures and show that the proposed portfolios compete with machine learning-based portfolios such as Hierarchical Risk Parity (HRP) and...