As Low Carbon portfolios have become increasingly mainstream, one finds that there are far too many seemingly equivalent products available to investors. As a result, accurately attributing the sources of carbon reduction become even more important. While there may not be one size that fits all...

The electricity generation mix of many European countries is strongly dominated by fossil fuelled power plants. Given that CO2-emissions are responsible for a major part of the anthropogenic greenhouse effect, emission trading has been introduced in the EU in 2005. Under the European emissions...

While there have been many legal studies of the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme, few have considered the effectiveness of the EU ETS as a matter of private law design. The authors propose to do so by tracing the history of the scheme, studying the English decision of Armstrong DLW GmbH v...

One of the key issues dominating the institutional investing industry is impact investing and the need to reduce carbon emissions (measured in Carbon Dioxide Equivalents or CO2e). Many investors have signed the Net Zero Asset Owner Alliance (NZAOA), which has specific goals and targets to be met...

We compare corporate carbon emissions data of four data providers for investment universes relevant for investors in developed and emerging equity markets, as well as investment grade and high yield corporate bond markets. In contrast to Environmental, Social, and Governance sustainability...

This paper outlines a simple and robust methodology for portfolio managers to align their portfolios with the carbon neutrality goals (Net Zero Targets) set out following the Paris Agreement in 2015. The approach is based on dynamically limiting the portfolio carbon footprint so that it...