The joint-hypothesis problem casts doubt on the results of market efficiency research. Specifically, it is hard to assess to what extent financial markets reflect economic fundamentals or mispricing. To address this issue, we study price formation in a large virtual asset market where...

We study the role of bilateral political relations in explaining variations in the equity portfolio allocation of foreign institutional investors. Using a large micro sample at the fund-firm-year level, we find that when the relations between two countries become more distant, institutional...

Superior to the variance, "swap variance (SwV)" summarizes the entire probability distribution of returns and is unbiased to distributional asymmetry. Retaining the same simplicity as mean-variance (MV) model, the efficiency of mean-swap variance (MSwV) is necessary and sufficient conditions for...