Bottom-up optimization models neglect the inclusion of investment behavior We introduce three investor types that differ in their investment cost specifications, financing costs, and discounting. This leads to a substantially different pace and rate of adoption for specific generation...

I examine energy stocks in the context of a diversified investment portfolio. Several factors – the importance of the energy sector, their potential to hedge energy risks, growing interest in real assets, as well as anecdotes of sophisticated investors focusing on energy investments –...