Hedging bond portfolios using futures is often utilized in developed countries where the bond market is liquid and futures are considered quick and inexpensive way of eliminating risk. The EM bond market is underdeveloped. Asset managers lack instruments that allow them to efficiently hedge...

Estimates of the elasticity of substitution between domestic and foreign varieties are small in macroeconomic data, but substantially larger in disaggregated microeconomic studies. This may be an artifact of heterogeneity. We use disaggregated multilateral trade data to structurally identify...

In most macroeconomic models, the substitutability between domestic and foreign goods is calibrated using aggregated data. This imposes homogeneous elasticities across goods, and the calibration is only valid under this assumption. If elasticities are heterogeneous, the aggregate...