It is difficult to assess the effectiveness of investment strategies that screen companies based on environmental criteria to hedge climate change risk because physical risks have not yet fully materialized and policies to combat climate change are usually widely anticipated. This paper...

Recently, the concept of "blue finance" was introduced to the world. Blue finance envisages that ocean firms issue financial instruments to obtain funds and take necessary measures to make the ocean environment blue. To measure the blueness of a firm, we estimate the blueness index using GHG...

We study how the introduction of carbon taxes in a closed economy propagate in a credit portfolio and precisely describe how carbon taxes dynamics affect the firm value and credit risk measures such as probability of default, expected and unexpected losses.We adapt a stochastic multisectoral...

Like ESG investing, climate change is an important concern for asset managers and owners, and a new challenge for portfolio construction. Until now, investors have mainly measured carbon risk using fundamental approaches, such as with carbon intensity metrics. Nevertheless, it has not been...

We develop a financial-economic model for carbon pricing with an explicit representation of decision making under risk and uncertainty that is consistent with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's sixth assessment report. We find that this approach provides economic support for the...

The notion of the greenhouse gas (GHG) aversion (GHGA) is introduced into the mean-variance portfolio (MVP) framework. GHGA is assumed to be a weighted sum of the portfolio holdings’ GHG emission intensities. A new portfolio performance measure, the GHGA-tilted Sharpe ratio, is offered for...