We provide evidence concerning the use of historical cost (HCA) versus mark-to-market (MTM) accounting in regulating financial institutions. Accounting rules, through their interactions with capital regulations, alter financial institutions' trading behavior. The insurance industry provides a...

We provide evidence concerning the use of historical cost (HCA) versus mark-to-market (MTM) accounting in regulating financial institutions. Accounting rules, through their interactions with capital regulations, alter financial institutions' trading behavior. The insurance industry provides a...

We examine portfolio trading and its impact on corporate bond liquidity. Our theoretical framework identifies how portfolio trades provide dealers with benefits through a diversification channel and with costs through a balance sheet channel. We then test empirically multiple hypotheses on the...

We investigate the new reality of exchange-traded funds (ETFs). We show that many ETFs are active investments in form (designed to generate alpha) or function (serve as building blocks of active portfolios). The median ETF has an Activeness Index of 93.1%. Active-in-form ETFs have positive...