This paper is intended as a first approach to effectiveness of the wage reduction in promoting the international competitiveness of the Portuguese economy. It is general knowledge that the promotion of international competitiveness can be promoted by three distinct pathways. The first is to...

The causality between energy consumption and real income in developed countries has been a very vital research topic in recent years. Raising concerns about climate change and global warming increase the pressure on policy makers to take action against energy depletion. Unfortunately these...

The EU 2020 Climate and Energy Package, in force since June 2009, commits the European Union to reduce its overall greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to at least 20% below their 1990 levels by 2020, pursuing the ambition to make Europe a low-carbon and energy-efficient economy over the next decade....

This paper presents an analysis of the findings of a survey on a sample of Portuguese firms. The main aim is to identify some relevant characteristics about the dynamics of prices and wages in PortugalSurvey data; Probit modelsThe most important conclusions are: i) changes to wages are more...

Two theses are presented and discussed throughout the paper. First, the limits on public deficits with the Stability and Growth Pact (SGP) do not correspond to the imposition of restrictive fiscal policies, but instead to the abandonment of an ultimate goal of economic policy: full employment....

Energy is a critical factor not only to economic growth and to achieve a less dependent and more competitive economy but also to promote sustainable growth towards to a highly energyefficient, low-carbon economy. Energy-economic-environment interactions therefore play a crucial role in driving...

The impact of credit rating changes in both the bond and the stock market has been a widely discussed subject in the press since the outburst of the financial crises we are going through nowadays. However, the scientific coverage of the topic has been limited since 2007 and has not focused on...

In Portugal, the public debate at regional level is typically absorbed in the discussion of asymmetries amongst the ‘interior’ and the ‘coast’. What is often discussed, with political and social relevance, is the extent of the interior’s delay (in terms of development) comparatively to...

Traditional specifications of export equations incorporate foreign demand as a demand pull factor and the real exchange rate as a relative price variable. However, such standard export equations have failed to explain the export performance of euro area countries during the crisis period. In...

The equalization effects of transfer systems has been the subject of analyses to evaluate the effectiveness of redistribution policies and of the adequacy of revenue sharing mechanisms in providing sub national governments with adequate resources to undertake their public responsibilities....