High incidence of poverty in the oil-producing areas in Nigeria has been adduced to the intervention of oil exploration of oil spills on agricultural land and incursion into freshwater, leading to depletion in crops and fishes output. This study assesses the effect of this intervention on the...

This paper analyses changes in income portfolios of rural households and its determinants for the case of Ghana in the 1990s. Our analysis shows that, contrary to common beliefs, rural Ghana has seen major economic transformation, as households increasingly diversify their livelihoods by both...