Researchers have applied correlational studies to identify dominant drivers of household energy poverty. While these studies have suggested various determinants of energy poverty (such as socioeconomic, demographic, physical, institutional and cultural factors), none have utilized a causal...

We examine vulnerability to poverty in Tajikistan during the global financial crisis, focusing on the roles played by international migration and remittances, using a formal, practical, and easily decomposable vulnerability measure. Our strategy is to estimate a Markov transition probability...