’ampleur de la petite corruption ; l'efficience des institutions ; la fiabilité des enquêtes-experts sur la gouvernance ; l …, governance, and social and political participation). To take up this challenge, modules on Governance, Democracy and Multiple …; the “need for the State”, particularly of the poorest; the extent of petty corruption; the reliability of expert surveys …

, governance, and social and political participation). To take up this challenge, modules on Governance, Democracy and Multiple …; the “need for the State”, particularly of the poorest; the extent of petty corruption; the reliability of expert surveys …

(institutions, governance, and social and political participation). To take up this challenge, modules on Governance, Democracy and … in the political class; the “need for the State”, particularly of the poorest; the extent of petty corruption; the … corruption ; l'efficience des institutions ; la fiabilité des enquêtes-experts sur la gouvernance ; l’appréciation des politiques …

Africa. The literature, however, provides conflicting results about the agricultural export-led growth hypothesis. In this … the poor in Africa. Interestingly, agricultural export is growth for the rich in Africa, although the elasticity of GDP is …-income countries in Africa may focus on non-agricultural export …

. Simple positive correlations have been observed for: the size of the informal sector, openness and democracy. Second, on the … stability and democracy in the short-run but positive for governance and modernisation. Policy implications are discussed. …

Growth improved substantially in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) since 1990, but poverty in SSA as a whole …

Democracy) were added to the 1-2-3 surveys carried out in 2001, 2002 or 2003 in major cities in eight countries (Benin, Burkina …

, Governance and Democracy) were added to the 1-2-3 surveys carried out in 2001, 2002 or 2003 in major cities in eight countries …

, extreme poverty has been decreasing in all regions of the world with the exception of Africa where about 50 percent of … countries in Sub-Saharan Africa did not achieve the MDG extreme poverty target despite the sub-region enjoying more than two …