This study investigates education, microfinance, and poverty in the Philippines using the vector error correction model … Philippines use VECM. Provides results that the NPL variable provides a positive and significant response to credit increases in …

the latter country increased over the analyzed period, while it was reduced in the Philippines. Our analyses indicate that … factors that contribute to ethnic disadvantaged groups being poorer are the strongly persistent high inequalities in education … (e.g., India, Nepal, and Pakistan), in regional development (e.g., the Philippines) and the large urban-rural gap (e …