for Iran, using a weighted average of other comparable countries that mirror pre-sanction Iran, but did not experience …This study examines the impact of international economic sanctions, imposed on Iran due to its nuclear program, on the … development of the middle class. Specifically, it investigates how the middle class in Iran would have developed in the absence of …

In this paper, we study the effects of institutions and policies on economic growth and poverty, paying close attention … poverty reduction largely through its effect on economic growth. Though not a panacea, less cumbersome regulations governing … poverty reduction more directly. While the impact of trade openness on growth is not clear, increases in trade shares have …

alleviate even the most extremes of poverty. In this sense, the pandemic is yet another reminder for how important investments …

Minimum wage policy supported by a strong social policy is an efficient mechanism against poverty and income erosion of …