. The paper underscores the principles of the poverty focus of social assistance and presents an overview of existence … evidence of first- and second-order effects of social assistance, particularly in the domains of poverty, education, health and … effects of social assistance, and the redistributive effects, and the incentives and distortion mechanisms that transfer …

analysis of poverty. In this chapter, we examine the poverty incidence among older people across LIS countries, relying on data … from the Luxembourg Income Study. The data show that poverty rates are substantially reduced by redistribution via tax …/benefit systems (mainly via pension benefits). Furthermore, the data show that old-age poverty rates and the antipoverty effect of …

the transparency of social pension allocation were indeed achieved, such that possession of the Below Poverty Line ration …