other inefficiencies. This paper proposes an approach through which all transfers to individuals vulnerable to poverty and … possible to propose a new transfer programme based on a universal child benefit and a targeted extreme poverty grant that will … be twice as effective at reducing poverty and inequality as the four existing programmes …

well below the EU at-risk-of-poverty thresholds in many countries. Single earners with dependent children are especially at … risk of poverty. We discuss the options for making progress. …