In economic theory, utility depends on past, present and future outcomes. The experiment described in this paper … suggests that utility also depends on people's attitudes, and that it can easily be manipulated through these attitudes. The … results imply, first, that purely outcome-based models of individual utility may be incomplete. Second, that reference …

almost half of our subjects. Among those, roughly 24%are rational expected utility maximizers, 24% make occasional mistakes …

utility. …

experiment with 743 subjects whether small-scale, seemingly negligible, events also affect the formation of risk preferences. In … second lottery almost a year later. The same pattern emerges in another experiment with 136 subjects where the second lottery …

experiment with 743 subjects whether small-scale, seemingly negligible, events also affect the formation of risk preferences. In … second lottery almost a year later. The same pattern emerges in another experiment with 136 subjects where the second lottery …

experiment with 743 subjects whether small-scale, seemingly negligible, events also affect the formation of risk preferences. In … second lottery almost a year later. The same pattern emerges in another experiment with 136 subjects where the second lottery …

experiment with 743 subjects whether small-scale, seemingly negligible, events also affect the formation of risk preferences. In … second lottery almost a year later. The same pattern emerges in another experiment with 136 subjects where the second lottery …

socioeconomic characteristics. Finally, we test their association with other preferences, attitudes and beliefs. …

candidate is expectations: what people expect could affect how they feel about what actually occurs. In a real-effort experiment …