In practice, numerous retailers are implementing price-matching guarantees (PMGs) whereby they promise to match the price of an identical product at a competing retailer. Despite strong connection between retailers and manufacturer, however, the literature has extensively studied retailers' PMGs...

Negotiation has been widely seen in determining wholesale prices. However, few papers have explored the impact of price matching negotiation (PM), in which a channel matches its price with the resulting wholesale price bargained by the other channel, on firms' performances, consumer welfare, and...

Multi-channel retailers face a crucial decision of whether to charge the same price online and offline. In a competitive environment with two multi-channel retailers, the pricing strategies are complicated by the heterogeneity of consumers and their cross-channel/cross-retailer purchasing...