Two producers offer differentiated goods to a representative consumer. The buyer has distinct marginal valuations for the quality of the products. Each producer perfectly knows the consumer's taste for its own product, but remains uninformed about its taste for the rival's product. When each...

Producers of software viewers commonly offer basic versions of their products for free while more sophisticated versions are highly priced, thereby, providing less attractive or lower valuations consumers with larger utility levels. We give some foundations to this outcome called versioning. We...