Exergy has proved to be a useful tool to analyze and optimize the design and operation of many systems. Some studies on helium refrigerators and liquefiers based on exergy are available in literature. In this paper, systematic evaluation of important operating and geometric parameters has been...

Curved pipes constitute essential components in engineering systems such as heat exchangers, and process pipelines. In curved pipes with 180° bends, the excess pressure drop, and the excess entropy generation (through heat and fluid flow) bring forth serious penalties. To overcome these...